1. Swine

a. African Swine Fever (ASF)

ASF is one of the most economically significant disease with mortality up to 100%. It has been reported in several states in Malaysia, involving wild boars and domesticated pigs.

ASF infected pigs with per acute signs show sudden death involving all age group; acute signs with high fever, high mortality, loss of appetite, skin haemorrhage; chronic signs with low mortality, abortions, respiratory diseases.

This disease caused by African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), which is an enveloped, double stranded DNA virus from family Asfarviridae, can be transmitted easily by vectors like wild porcine and soft ticks, shed in almost all secretions and excretions, transmitted via frozen contaminated pork and also easily transmitted between farms with human and vehicle movement without proper biosecurity.

According to OIE, there is no treatment and vaccination for ASF currently. Therefore, prevention is the most important approach.

Maintaining a good farm biosecurity to prevent the disease from invading the farms, which includes:

• Proper cleaning and disinfection between batches of pigs
• Avoid mixing workers in different houses
• Avoid importation of pigs and pig products from infected countries
• Source feed ingredients from reliable supplier
• Avoid swill feeding as it may be contaminated, which is a big risk

In Sunzen, we provide a solution to your farm biosecurity needs. We have powerful detergent and disinfectants which are DEFRA approved and ready to help you fight the battle.

Cleaning must come before disinfection! 

Shift is a powerful foaming detergent for the removal of organic matter. The foam created can increase contact time especially on vertical surfaces, ensuring effective cleaning. General anionic household detergents should not be used as they can neutralize disinfectants like QAC. With its sequestering agent and surfactant properties, Shift can provide deep penetration even when used in hard water, and will not affect disinfectant properties. 

FAM30, being an iodine-based disinfectant, is proven to effectively provide 99.99% killing of ASFV at 1:200 dilution in a 30-minute contact time at 20c with hard water. The dark brown colour indicates the product activity. The non-ionic surfactant in FAM30 forms micelles and provides foaming ability to disinfectant. Micelles provides stability and control iodine release. It also provides high penetrating power especially in slits and porous surfaces in farm houses. Foaming increases contact time especially to vertical surfaces, and reduces aerosol while containing pathogens. Phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid in FAM30 act as a buffer for hard water and helps acidify the environment. The acids can reduce biofilm especially in water pipes.

Good farm biosecurity aside, feed safety is also important as ASFV can be transmitted very easily via feed. Getting feed ingredients from reliable source can reduce the risk of getting contaminated feed, and including suitable additives in feed can help in feed sanitation. Optishield is a feed additive that can help in killing ASFV in swine feed. It contains glycerol monolaurate which has virucidal and antiviral properties towards enveloped viruses. It can significantly reduce the viral load in feed which the animals can be exposed to.

• Shift
• FAM30
• Optishield
  

b. Respiratory diseases

Respiratory diseases of pigs can be classified into 2 main categories:

         i.          Affects large numbers of pigs, maybe serious but with limited duration.

Example: Swine influenza (Hog Cholera), Classical Swine Fever (CSF), Pseudorabies (Aujeszky’s disease), Porcine circovirus-associated diseases, and Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS).

       ii.          Occurred in large number of pigs, and persisted for an undefined period.

Respiratory diseases complex due to multi-agent infections, such as Enzootic Pneumonia due to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae that complicated by Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus parasius, Streptococcus suis and Actinobacillus pneumoniae.

The usage of antibacterial drugs, either strategic and/or pulse medication programs are used to prevent or reduced the severity of the diseases in infected herds. Other than the use antibacterial drug to reduce the load of secondary bacterial infections, supportive therapy such as anti-inflammatory and electrolytes are very important for relieve discomfort to combat inappetence, hence shorten the recovery period.  

Swine Enzootic Pneumonia/ Mycoplasmal pneumonia (Mycoplasma hyopneuminiae)

Characterised with chronic, dry cough and uneven growth among growing pigs. Can be developed into Pneumonis Pasteurellosis or PRDC upon secondary bacterial infections. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Is transmitted by direct contact of the respiratory secretion. Suckling piglets acquired the infection from the sow and spread the disease to other animals after weaning. High pig density and overcrowded pens are the main risk factor that facilitated the spread of Mycoplasmal pneumonia in a herd.

The usage of antibiotics to treat infected herd is only aimed to reduce the clinical signs, but not necessary to eliminate the disease agent from the herd. Other than control the primary mycoplasmal infections, secondary bacterial infection control also needed to be considered as part of the treatment and the choice of antibiotics must be carefully selected according to the disease agents.

Disclaimer: The information above is for references purpose. Please seek for veterinary professional advice for diagnosis and treatment recommendation.

Note: We have compiled a list of guidelines that contains the respiratory syndrome related disease agents and its’ respective therapeutic antimicrobial drugs and supportive medications for your convenient. Do contact us at order@sunzen.com.my for more details and technical support.

C. Enteric diseases

Coccidiosis (Isopora suis)

Usually affects young piglets between the age of 7 and 14 days, with self-limiting diarrhea which persisted for 4 to 6 days. Anti-coccidial drug, such as Pigicox is recommended to give orally to entire litter of piglets at day 4 to 6 days of age as preventive measure. 

Post-weaning Enteric Colibacillosis/Post-weaning scour

Diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli, usually is transitory and resolved within few days. However, the diarrhea may become persistent and weaner may death due to dehydration or secondary infection (septicemia) in poor husbandry condition. The predisposing factors are due to stress in changed environment, mixing of pigs with different carrier status, loss of maternal antibody, cold environment, fighting, and poor hygiene environment.

In diarrhea case, sick pig should be immediately treated for dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, which severe dehydration can lead to death regardless of antibiotic therapy. This can be achieved by using intravenous fluid or oral electrolyte Pfi-lyte that replenish fluid loss and correct the detrimental alkalosis condition.

Antibiotic therapy is often recommended to reduce secondary bacterial infections.

Disclaimer: The information above is for references purpose. Please seek for veterinary professional advice for diagnosis and treatment recommendation.

Note: Feed additives such as antibiotics, probiotics, and organic acids may be added into feed as alternative option to antibiotic growth promoter (AGP).

Gut health as alternatives for enteric disease management

• AGP replacer
• Microflora management – Probiotic
• MOS – Prebiotic

Butyric Acid as fuel for intestinal cells proliferation and injury repair (Refer to Nutrition Page > “Gut health” Category )

 Swine dysentery 

Characterized by mucoid and bloody diarrhea due to severe inflammation of colon by Brachyspira hyodysentery infection, which commonly affected grower pigs between 2 to 5 months of age. Pigs usually not appeared to be very ill but the severity can progressively caused dehydration, acidosis and hyperkalemia, and eventually dead. Injectable or in-water medication is preferred over in-feed medication in case of reduced appetite.

Disclaimer: The information above is for references purpose. Please seek for veterinary professional advice for diagnosis and treatment recommendation.

Note: We have compiled a list of guidelines that contains the enteric syndrome related disease agents, its’ respective therapeutic antimicrobial drugs, supportive medications, and non-antibiotic alternatives for enteric disease management for your convenient. Do contact us at order@sunzen.com.my for more details and technical support.

II. Poultry

a. Respiratory Diseases

Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Mycoplasma gallisepticum, the most pathogenic avian mycoplasma usually is subclinical but can caused great economic impact on poultry farmers, by increasing broiler carcasses condemnations in slaughter plant and reducing the number of eggs laid per hen over the production cycle. The microorganism able to colonize and initial injury of the epithelium of conjunctiva, nasal passages, sinus, and tracheal. However, in severe cases the infection may also involve bronchi, air sac, and occasional lungs, then open opportunity for secondary infections when it advanced into complicated case.

Other than preventive measure by sourcing chicks from mycoplasma-free breeder stock and immunization, antibiotic treatment is recommended to reduce clinical signs of affected flock. Combination of antibiotics is usually recommended in condition of complicated CRD. 

Disclaimer: The information above is for references purpose. Please seek for veterinary professional advice for diagnosis and treatment recommendation.

Note: We have supplied a range of water-soluble or feed additives antibiotics to help you manage the disease. You may look out for available products in the Species or Product Category section, or contact us at order@sunzen.com.my for further details and technical support.

b. Enteric diseases

Coccidiosis & Necrotic enteritis

Caused by intestinal protozoa that belong to the Eimeria genus, which resulted in extensive damage of intestinal mucosal and commonly occurred during second week of age in broilers. The severity varies between different Eimeria spp. and the clinical signs ranged from subclinical to mucoid or bloody diarrhea. The birds may also develop inappetence, inactive, hunched up with ruffled feathers (pain originated from damaged intestine), and pale comb (blood loss due to bloody diarrhea).  When coccidiosis damaged the intestinal wall, there is a risk for developing secondary bacterial infection, such as Necrotic Enteritis by Clostridium perfringens, which is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease of chickens.

Therefore, it is important to control coccidiosis with anticoccidial drug and control concurrent secondary bacterial infections with antimicrobial agents. Besides, supportive therapy such as electrolytes and anti-inflammatory drug are necessary to keep the birds hydrated and comfortable for rapid recovery.

Disclaimer: The information above is for references purpose. Please seek for veterinary professional advice for diagnosis and treatment recommendation.

Note: We have supplied a range of water-soluble or feed additives antibiotics to help you manage the disease. You may look out for available products in the Species or Product Category section, or contact us at order@sunzen.com.my for further details and technical support.

c. Others

Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome 

A  metabolic disorder of chicken that presented as sudden death with liver hemorrhage and fat engorgement during post mortem. This syndrome is always associated with high-energy diet and observed mainly in female birds, as the level of estrogen increases when the age of egg production increases, so does the fat content in the liver. Management measure, such as monitoring body weight and daily feed intake as well as dietary modification by substituting carbohydrate sources with supplemental fat (at the same time maintain isoenergetic condition) shall be done as control and prevention. Besides, by providing supplements like antioxidant and liver stimulants, either in feed additives or water-soluble form can help to reduce the incidence and hence the mortality rate.

Disclaimer: The information above is for references purpose. Please seek for veterinary professional advice for diagnosis and treatment recommendation.

Note: We have supplied a range of water-soluble or feed additives antibiotics to help you manage the disease. You may look out for available products in the Species or Product Category section, or contact us at order@sunzen.com.my for further details and technical support.